In plane and Out of plane failure of Masonry Structure
In plane failure – Lateral Load acting along the plane of masonry wall.
Out of plane failure – Lateral Load acting perpendicular to the plane of masonry wall.
Obviously, out of plane failure is dangerous.
Walls are relatively flexible in out-of-plane bending and offers relatively lower moment of resistance.
Remedies
- Provide Bands at different levels (Plinth, Stitches, Sill, Lintel, Gable)
- Construct Cross wall and buttress wall at suitable interval.
Wall need to be anchored to cross-walls properly by using dowels that will protect them against excessive out-of-plane bending.